Frappe_Assistant_Core

The server extensively uses Python's `exec()` for running AI-generated code. This is mitigated by a multi-layered sandboxing approach: `ReadOnlyDatabase` wraps all `frappe.db` calls to prevent write/delete/update SQL operations; `_scan_for_dangerous_operations` performs static code analysis to block a wide array of dangerous keywords (e.g., `DELETE`, `DROP`, `INSERT`, `exec`, `eval`, `__import__`, `open`, network calls like `requests`, `urllib`); the execution environment (`_setup_secure_execution_environment`) carefully whitelists built-in functions and pre-loads only safe modules, while explicitly removing dangerous ones (`os`, `sys`, `subprocess`, `socket`, `threading`, `multiprocessing`, `asyncio`, `ctypes`, `imp`, `importlib`); user permissions are strictly enforced (`frappe.has_permission`). Unicode sanitization is also performed. Despite these rigorous protections, relying on `exec` with external input inherently carries a risk of potential bypass if a subtle vulnerability exists in the sandboxing or static analysis.